In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions.
In order to determine the relationship between stomatal characteristics and plant drought resistance, photosyn-
thetic and stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied in two wheat cultivars: the
drought-resistant cultivar ‘Changhan 58’ and the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Xinong 9871’. Plants of both cultivars
were grown in pot conditions under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions. In both water re-
gimes, ‘Changhan 58’ showed a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate with a lower rate of variation and a
significantly higher percentage variation of transpiration compared to control plants at the heading stage
under WS conditions than did ‘Xinong 9871’ plants. Moreover, ‘Changhan 58’ showed lower stomatal density
(SD) and higher stomatal area per unit organ area (A) under both water conditions. Water stress decreased SD,
A, and stomatal width (SW), and increased stomatal length in flag leaves (upper and lower surfaces) and ear or-
gans (awn, glume, lemma, and palea), with the changes more pronounced in ear organs than in flag leaves. In-
stantaneous WUE increased slightly, while integral WUE improved significantly in both cultivars. Integral WUE
was higher in ‘Changhan 58’, and increased by a greater amount, than in ‘Xinong 9871’. These results suggest
that drought resistance in ‘Changhan 58’ is regulated by stomatal characteristics through a decrease in transpira-
tion rate in order to improve integral WUE and photosynthetic performance, and through sustaining a higher ear
photosynthetic rate, therefore enhancing overall drought-resistance.

Wheat; Stomatal structure; Ear photosynthesis; Drought resistance; Water use efficien

Northwest A&F University