摘要

<正>Human–machine interfaces (HMIs) enable the intuitive cognition and interaction between users and devices [1–3]. The conventional HMIs such as mouse, keyboard and touchscreen have significantly simplified the manipulations of computers and associated devices, while they suffer from bulk, big footprint and mechanical noncompliance for applications in virtual/augmented reality and Internet of Things, and more importantly, difficulties in operation for people with disabilities such as dexterity impairments or neurological conditions [4,5].