科研之友
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摘要
Odor pollution is listed as one of the seven major public hazards in the world and has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Inappropriate disposal of accumulated feces from animals and humans exacerbate the formation of malodorous gases. This paper reviews the current literature on the original sources of malodorous gases, the mechanism underlying in situ management, and the formulation and application of microbial deodorants in odor gas control. Previous studies have revealed that malodor originating from feces primarily contains four kinds of chemicals: ammonia and volatile amines, volatile sulfur compounds, indoles and phenols, and volatile fatty acids. These malodorous substances are mainly produced by indigenous gut bacteria that degrade the remaining nutrients in feces. However, researchers have utilized specific microbial strains to suppress odors, including lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and actinomycetes. These microorganisms reproduce rapidly and inhibit the growth and metabolism of odor-producing microbes, resulting in communities dominated by probiotic strains. Based on this in situ odor management theory, microbes with deodorizing features are screened and formulated to construct microbial deodorants and then applied in various disciplines, such as the deodorization of fecal compost. Although microbial deodorants have been achieved, the precise mechanism of deodorization remains unclear. Moreover, the narrow spectrum and insufficient ability of deodorization limit the further application of microbial deodorants. Thus, this review discusses potential avenues to address these issues and provides ideas for investigating the molecular mechanisms of deodorants, the relationship between metabolic networks, and cell-to-cell communication among deodorizing strains based on omics and synthetic biology methods. In addition, we propose a blueprint for the design of a microbial deodorant. We believe that the appropriate design and development of effective microbial deodorants will be beneficial for improving the living conditions of intensive livestock farms and the ecological environment.
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