L＊Islam et la femme dans l＊espace public au Niger

作者：M Alio

来源：Africa Development, 2009.

Le but de cet article est de montrer comment la femme nig谷rienne a n谷goci谷 et continue de n谷gocier sa citoyennet谷 dans un pays 角 99 pour cent musulman. D豕s l＊ind谷pendance, on voit nettement le jeu d＊谷quilibre que faisait le pr谷sident Diori Hamani pour pr谷server la la cit谷 du pays et les droits de chaque composante de la nation. En 1975, 角 la faveur de l＊Ann谷e Internationale de la femme, celle-ci entre sur sc豕ne et depuis lors, elle revendique quotidiennement ses droits. La d谷mocratisation de la soci谷t谷 nig谷rienne 角 partir de la Conf谷rence Nationale de 1991 a amen谷 aussi dans l＊espace public les associations musulmanes et chr谷tiennes, avec leurs revendications propres. Ce qui distingue ces nouvelles forces sociales de celles auxquelles l＊Etat nig谷rien 谷tait habitu谷, c＊谷tait que celles-ci posaient des probl豕mes nouveaux, d＊ordre religieux. Le d谷bat a aussi engag谷 l＊intelligentsia du pays, qui 谷clairait l＊opinion. Toutes ces luttes citoyennes ont permis la prise en compte des femmes dans les choix politiques malgr谷 les pesanteurs religieuses. The aim of this paper is to show how women in Niger have negotiated their citizenship in a country the population of which is 99 per cent Muslim. Right from independence, one could see the balancing game which former president Diori Hamani played to maintain the secularity of the state and the citizens＊ rights. In 1975, taking advantage of the International Woman Year, women came into the public sphere, and have since then continued to demand their rights. The democratization of the Niger society, stemming from the 1991 National Conference, has brought in the public sphere Muslim and Christian associations with their own demands. What distinguished these movements from what the Niger State was used to was that they brought new issues in the public sphere, especially religious ones. The intellectual elite also played their enlightening role in this debate. All these different citizenship movements led to the consideration of women and their political choices despite religious interferences.