科研之友
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摘要
Studies on the effect of fertilization patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus provide scientific basis for improving the efficiency of fertilizer utilization driven by soil microorganisms and understanding the sustainable development of agriculture. Based on the long-term fertilization experiment in the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, no fertilizer（CK）, single application of nitrogen fertilizer（N）, single application of phosphorus fertilizer（P）, single application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer（NP）, single application of organic fertilizer（M）, nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer（NM）, phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer（PM）, and nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer（NPM）treatment methods were selected to test the soil microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus by chloroform fumigation – extraction method and ecological stoichiometric ratio method. Moreover, the relationship between soil microbial properties and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed in this study. The results showed that long-term fertilization improves the nitrogen and phosphorus content of soil microorganism than CK treatment; compared with CK, chemical fertilizer decreased soil microbial biomass carbon while significantly increasing the microbial biomass of nitrogen and phosphorus; organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil microbial biomass of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus than CK with the exception of NM treatment; application of fertilizers significantly decreased the microbial biomass C∶N than CK; the treatments with phosphorus application（P, NP, PM, and NPM）decreased C∶P and N∶P than other treatments, while C∶P and N∶P of NM treatment significantly higher than other treatments. The redundancy analysis showed that the factors which influence soil microbial biomass was in the order of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and organic matter; soil total nitrogen had the greatest impact（F=13.9, P=0.002）on soil microbial biomass and explained 5.3% of the change in microbial biomass; the correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, while soil microbial biomass nitrogen was significantly positively correlated with organic matter and total nitrogen. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers changes the soil pH and inhibits microbial properties in the farmland of the Loess Plateau. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers improves soil nutrient content and soil microbial biomass, which facilitate the efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.
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