科研之友
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摘要
APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalyzed polypeptide) is an evolutionarily conserved cytosine deaminase family. There are 11 genes known to contain a conserved DNA cytosine deaminase domain in humans, including AP0BEC3A, AP0BEC3B, AP0BEC3C, AP0BEC3DE, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G and AP0BEC3H (A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G and A3H). It utilizes its deaminase activity to catalyze the transfer of cytosine to uracil nucleotides in mRNA or DNA by binding to RNA or DNA to elicit different functions. The current study found that AID and AP0BEC3 (A3s) play an important role in human natural immune and adaptive immune defense processes. It has important potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, lung cancer (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma), colorectal cancer and breast cancer. AID can initiate somatic hypermutation (SHM) and category-transformation recombination (CSR) by deamination of cytosine into uracil to play a role in antibody diversity, and its abnormal expression can significantly increase the frequency of malignant tumors such as B-cell lymphoma. In this paper, we review the application of APOBEC in diagnostic and therapeutic of cancer, which hopefully will provide a reference for further drug development and clinical research. A3 A and A3B play roles in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and lung cancer through cytosine to uracil conversion and up-regulation of self-expression. A3G opens a new way for understanding colorectal cancer liver metastasis and developing effective therapies for advanced colon cancer through APOBEC3G/miR-29/MMP2. In this paper, we will use AID, A3 A, A3B, A3G as an example to review the applications of APOBEC in diagnostic and therapeutic of cancer, which hopefully will provide a reference for further drug development and clinical research.
