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摘要
Three quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants based on glucose ester structure（7a, 7b and 7c）were prepared with glucose as one of the raw materials, in which the hydrophobic tails were all hexadecyl but the lengths of the methylene chains residing in the centre of the spacers were 4, 6 and 8 CH2 units, respectively. The surface activity and aggregation properties of these three gemini surfactants were determined. The results show that these three surfactants have good surface activities, among which 7c has the best surface properties（cmc = 1.32×10-5 mol/L, γcmc = 29.14 mN/m）. The length of the methylene chain in the spacer of a gemini surfactant has a great influence on the cmc, that is, the cmc is significantly decreased with the increase of the methylene chain length. Moreover, these surfactants can spontaneously form micelles or vesicles in water, which is mainly related to the length of the spacer. The longer the spacer is, the easier vesicles will be formed. The formation of micelles and vesicles also has a certain relationship with the concentration of the surfactant. The formation of vesicles will be facilitated at higher concentrations of surfactants.
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