摘要

通过田间试验,研究常规施肥(conventional fertilization, CF)、常规推荐施肥(conventional recommended fertilization, CRF)、优化测土配方施肥(optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization, TF)和优化测土配方基础上有机肥部分替代化肥施肥(application of organic manure as a partial replacement for chemical fertilizers based on optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization, TFM)4种典型施肥模式对单季稻生长和稻田氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明,3种改良施肥模式与常规施肥相比增产2.80%~3.63%,水稻植株各部位氮磷含量相当,同时,CRF、TF、TFM模式的总氮累积流失量分别减少了2.75%、14.15%和33.28%,总磷累积流失量分别减少了19.02%、21.31%和29.51%。总之,3种改良施肥模式均可满足水稻对氮磷养分需求,保证籽粒产量,有效控制氮磷的径流流失,其中TFM模式的效果最佳。