科研之友
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摘要
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is characterized as one of the key areas of global energy and water cycle and is known as Asian water tower. Climate change of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau has significant impacts on the environmental changes of the its own and surrounding areas. This paper reviews the facts and mechanisms of recent 60 years’climate change and its associated environmental impacts, emphasizing surface warming, change of surface radiation, precipitation variability among different seasons and regions, change of surface wind speed and surface environment. Changes of skin temperature, surface air temperature and surface wind speed and associated mechanisms during past decade over the Plateau are also analyzed based on reanalysis and site data. Finally, the issues that need to be solved have been sorted out. The conclusions are as follows:(1)The surface warming over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was earlier and faster than that along the same latitude in Northern Hemisphere. The elevation-dependence warming and increase of clear sky downward longwave radiation caused by Interdecadal atmospheric humidification are the main causes of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau surface warming. However, the variations of surface temperature during past decade are concentrated on inter-annual scale.(2)Due to the continuous rapid warming of the plateau and the anomalies of sea temperature and atmospheric circulation, the precipitation in different regions and seasons presents various variability.(3)Interdecadal shift of surface wind speed is mainly drwen by the meridional difference in warming between the Qinghai-Xizang plateall and the mid-latitude Eurasian Continent and anomalous atmospheric circulation.(4)Environmental changes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are mainly manifested as lake expansion, permafrost degradation, and advance of vegetation rejuvenation；Since the 1990s, glacier in the western Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have been stabilized or even partially recovered, while, glacier in the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau continue to retreat. The above results are mainly caused by the dipole pattern that precipitation increased and decreased over western and eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, respectively. Meanwhile, the seasonal and intra-seasonal variations of the Summer Monsoon can be reasonable indicators to the vegetation growth and the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation rejuvenation period.(5)The mechanism and numerical simulation of surface temperature and wind speed changes in different seasons and regions need to be further investigated；performance of temperature and precipitation in climate models needs to the improved；high-resolution numerical simulation and data assimilation based on regional models need to be strengthened urgently.
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