Prevalence of reverse transcriptase and protease mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naˋve HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania

作者：Balthazar M Nyombi; Carol Holm Hansen; Knut I Kristiansen; Gunnar Bjune; Fredrik Muller

来源：AIDS Research and Therapy, 2008.

DOI：10.1186/1742-6405-5-13

The prevalence of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions among antiretroviral treatment-naˋve HIV-1 infected pregnant women was investigated in Bukoba (Kagera) and Moshi (Kilimanjaro) municipalities, Tanzania, between September and December 2005. The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified using primers recognizing conserved viral sequences and sequenced employing BigDye chemistry from 100 HIV-1 seropositive treatment-naˋve pregnant women and 61 HIV-1 seropositive women who had received a single dose of Nevirapine (sdNVP). Positions 1每350 of the RT and 1每99 of the PR genes were analyzed for mutations based on the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, CRF10_CD and Unique Recombinant Forms (URF) were detected. Primary mutations associated with NRTI and NNRTI resistance were detected among 3% and 4% of treatment-naˋve strains, respectively. Primary mutations associated with NRTI and NNRTI resistance were detected in 1.6% and 11.5% of women who had received sdNVP, respectively. None of the primary mutations associated with PI resistance was found. Polymorphisms detected in RT and PR sequences were mainly mutations that are found in the consensus sequences of non-B subtypesBased on the WHO HIV Drug Resistance Research Network Threshold of less than 5%, the baseline prevalence of primary mutations among treatment-naˋve HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions was low. The significance of HIV-1 subtype B polymorphic positions with respect to antiretroviral resistance identified among the prevalent HIV-1 subtypes is unknown. More studies addressing the correlation between polymorphic mutations, antiretroviral resistance and clinical outcome are warranted in regions where non-B subtypes are prevalent.Tanzania is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) most affected by the HIV pandemic. It was estimated that by the end of 2005 approximately 6.5% of