摘要

<正>Amputated hand, and paralyzed hand, are diseases not on the conventional list of the hand surgery world, but now have gradually become the new direction for hand surgeons. A good example is the advancements in treating amputations after traumatic injury of the upper limb. Targeted muscle reinnervation combined with a highly functional bionic arm can greatly compensate for the missing part of the amputated arm [1], which in general satisfies the need for strength and dexterity in daily life.