科研之友
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摘要
Background In China, rapid aging has brought severe challenges. The increasing elderly care needs of growing older people may not be met although the number of medical and nursing care institutions is increasing. And their unmet health needs may lead to increased rates of hospitalization, readmission, rescue and even mortality. Objective To explore the unmet needs of activities of daily living and influencing factors in older adults from medical and nursing care institutions. Methods From June to December in 2019, Participants for a survey were selected from 53 medical and nursing care institutions, Sichuan Province, by use of convenience sampling, including older adults surveyed using a self-developed demographic information questionnaire(for older adults), the Functional Activities Questionnaire(FAQ), the Barthel Index(BI), and the Unmet Needs Assessment Scale(developed by us in accordance with the contents of FAQ and BI), and their major caregivers surveyed using a self-developed demographic information questionnaire(for older adults' caregivers). Factors associated with older adults' unmet needs were screened using univariate analysis, and were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 1 325 older adults with disabilities and 442 caregivers were finally included. In the older adults, the prevalence of having at least one unmet need was 97.36%;the prevalence of having 5 unmet needs was 50%, and the most needed was walking on flat ground, followed by traveling, dressing up, engaging in daily recreational activities, and socializing. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the possibility of having unmet needs of these older adults increased with the prolongation of disability and increase of FAQ score, and age of the caregiver, but decreased with their increased level of education and monthly income, as well as increased monthly income of the caregiver(P<0.05). Conclusion In medical and nursing care institutions in Sichuan Province, the rate of having unmet needs of activities of daily living in older adults with disabilities was high and affected by many factors. To satisfy the needs of these people, it is suggested to improve the scientific management of the institutions, with special attention given to humanistic care, enhance the care level of caregivers via improving their comprehensive qualities, increase the financial aid from the government, encourage social donation and in-depth research on elderly care insurance system.
