摘要

Since its establishment, the Eurasian Economic Union has witnessed considerable progress in the integration of markets and technologies, but the escalation of the Ukraine crisis has brought profound geopolitical implications and unprecedented economic difficulties to the member states. The Union has taken measures to ease the pressure in response to Western sanctions, but the upper limit of the EAEU depends on Russia’s development potential, and the level of the Union’s integration depends on relations between Russia and Kazakhstan.