摘要

<正>Nowadays, continuous population growth, industrialization and climate change have become great challenges to our freshwater resources. In response, desalination of saline water could provide a solution for human being to curb this environmental crisis. Currently, reverse osmosis(RO) is the mainstream technology for water desalination. Significant improvement has been gained in terms of productivity and energy efficiency with the advent of thin-film composite(TFC) membranes [1,2].