科研之友
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摘要
<正>Every eukaryotic cell is a busy microcosm filled with organelles,and the proper functioning of a protein is contingent upon its arrival at the correct location. As such, transportation of proteins takes place constantly within and between cells, some of which is constitutive and some regulated. For example, fibroblasts secrete collagens constitutively, which involves transportation of newly synthesized collagen proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, and finally across the plasma membrane via secretory vesicles [1]. In contrast, only under stressful conditions does the transcription factor forkhead box O(FOXO) translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to launch a transcriptional response consisting of hundreds of genes [2–4].
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