摘要

模型参数率定是提高水文模型模拟效果的重要手段,通过研究一种改进的自适应遗传算法(IAGA)对新安江模型参数进行优化率定,解决传统遗传算法初始种群质量不高、容易早熟收敛、局部搜索能力差等问题。该算法利用混沌变量遍历性特点,随机生成初始种群并选优,提高初始种群的个体质量;针对交叉与变异的进化过程,设计了反映种群离散程度的种群目标函数离散系数,利用该系数构建了自适应调整交叉与变异概率算子,防止遗传算法过早收敛;依托环形交叉算子,提高算法全局搜索能力;采用自适应非均匀变异算子,实时优化算法的局部搜索能力,避免陷入局部最优。将自适应遗传算法、传统遗传算法(GA)和自适应遗传算法(AGA)应用于秦淮河流域新安江模型的参数率定,并从率定的收敛性、耗时、稳定性和效果方面进行算法的性能比较,结果表明:IAGA算法具有更优的寻优能力,更好的收敛结果,更高的稳定性和精度,场次洪水的模拟效果优于GA算法和AGA算法,率定期与验证期确定性系数(R2)均在0.85以上,纳什效率系数(NSE)均在0.8以上,总体达到了水文预报的乙级标准。结果表明采用上述的综合手段改进传统遗传算法是可行的,改进后的IAGA算法具有良好的应用前景,为新安江模型的自动率定提供了一种有效的途径。

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