科研之友
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摘要
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) are ancient cytokines, and the homologous genes of TNFRs can be traced back to arthropod fruit flies. TNFRs play an important role in inflammatory responses, apoptosis, lymphocyte homeostasis and tissue development. The most important function of TNFR is related to the immune system. In view of their functions, TNFR gene members have been targeted for the treatment of human diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection and cancer. With the development of science and technology, new progresses have been made in the function of TNFRs, which have been widely reported in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. In this review, we summarize the reports of 29 TNFR members found in higher mammals, including 8 death receptors and 21 non-death receptors, and the research of immune system and disease-related fields are mainly discussed. Most of the studies are in the basic experimental stage, and a small amount of researches that have entered the clinical stage have not achieved satisfactory results. A deeper understanding of the functions of TNFRs is needed for targeted design treatment for autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tumor diseases. This article aims to gain a better understanding of the functions of TNFR members.
