科研之友
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摘要
Membrane technology occupies an important position in chemical technology and is widely used in varied fields of industry and daily life. With the continuous development of thin film technology, the preparation of porous polymer films with controlled pore size and size distribution, excellent mechanical properties and functional versatility has become an urgent problem to be solved. Compared to non-porous dense polymer films, micro- and nanoporous polymer films generally have lower density, lighter weight, higher specific surface area, and feature acoustic and thermal insulation, good permeability and high plasticity. This review begins with a summary of the methods used to prepare micro/nano-porous polymer films, including template methods (hard and soft templates), phase separation, electrostatic spinning, etching and some other methods. The methods for characterizing the structure and related properties of membranes in porous polymer films are also introduced. The applications of porous permeable membranes are then summarized in gas separation, energy, environmental engineering and bioengineering. Finally, the drawbacks and challenges of current methods for the preparation of micro- and nanoporous polymer films are summarized and an outlook is given on their future innovative applications.
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