科研之友
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摘要
【Objective】The objective of this study was to explore the differences in the yield and quality of the single cropping late japonica rice between different levels of taste value and the types of yield in southern China, and to elucidate the characteristics of good taste and high yield varieties in southern China. 【Method】 48 single cropping late japonica rice varieties were used as materials in the article, and they were divided into four types of good taste and high yield, good taste and medium yield, medium taste and high yield, medium taste and medium yield according to the yield and taste value. In order to reveal the characteristics of single cropping late japonica rice varieties with good taste and high yield in southern China, three types of good taste and high yield, good taste and medium yield, medium taste and high yield were selected for comparative study of yield and quality according to the actual production demands. 【Result】 The comprehensive of the type of good taste and high yield was 26.69% higher than the type of medium taste and high yield. Appearance, viscosity and balance degree indexes in comprehensive were 38.81%, 36.30% and 37.40% higher than the type of medium taste, respectively. The results showed that, the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree of the type of good taste and high yield were 0.34%, 6.92%, 7.13%, 40.39% and 47.56% higher than that of the type of good taste and medium yield, respectively. The length of the gel consistency of the type of good taste and high yield was 19.92% longer than the type of medium taste and high yield, while the amylose and protein content of that were 37.67% and 33.08% lower, respectively. Compared with the type of good taste and medium yield, the proportions of the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, sunshine duration during the grain filling period, earing rate, grain density, and the bioaccumulation from heading to maturity accounted for the total biomass of the type of good taste and high yield were 4.47%, 3.29%, 5.72%, 16.25%, 11.09%, 15.89% and 21.49% higher, respectively, while the decreasing rate of leaf area was 13.51% lower. In the period from heading to maturity, good taste and high yield type’s crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential were 24.46%, 14.62% and 19.01% higher than that of good taste and medium yield type, respectively. 【Conclusion】Good taste and high yield type of single cropping late japonica rice had the following characteristics: The milling quality had reached the first level of Chinese standard; The transparency level was 3; The chalkiness rate and the chalkiness degree were between 50% to 85%, and 20% to 35%, respectively; The content of amylose and protein were around 10.0% and 8.0%, respectively; The length of gel consistency was over 90 mm; The setback was below -500cP and the consistence was between 550cP and 650cP. The seed setting rate of the good taste and high yield type was about 90.0%, the 1000-grain weight had more than 25.0 g. It was also important to maintain the suitable dry matter accumulation in the early stage of heading period, and to ensure the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and the proportion of the total growth period with high levels after the heading period.
