科研之友
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摘要
Runoff generation is an important part of water conservation service, and also plays a critical role in soil and water retention. Under the background of the ecosystem degradation, which was caused by the vulnerable karst ecosystem combined with human activity, it is necessary to understand the spatial pattern and impact factors of runoff services in the karst region. The typical karst peak-cluster depression was selected as the study area. And the calibrated and verified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was one of the main techniques to simulate the runoff services of typical karst basin. Further, the spatial variability of different services were analyzed with the assistance of the methods of gradient analysis and local regression. Results indicated that the law of spatial difference was obvious. And the surface runoff was at a low level, but the groundwater runoff was rich (about 2-3 times the surface runoff). The runoff coefficients of total and groundwater were 70.0% and 23.9%, respectively. Terrain is a significant factor contributing to macroscopic control effect on the runoff service in the Sanchahe River Basin, where the total and groundwater runoff increased significantly with the rising elevation and slope. Then, the distribution of vegetation has great effects on surface runoff. There were spatial differences between the forest land in the upstream and orchard land in the downstream, in turn the surface runoff presented a turning point due to the influence of vegetation. Moreover, the results of spatial overlay analysis showed that the highest value of total and groundwater runoff was observed in the forest land. It is not only owing to the stronger capacity of soil water conservation of forest ecosystem, and geologic feature of rapid infiltration in this region, but also reflected the combined effects on the land cover types and topographical features, that is, forest land was mostly distributed in the area with relatively great elevation and slope. Overall, this study will promote the development and innovation of ecosystem services fields in the karst region, and further provide a theoretical foundation for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction.
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单位中国科学院大学; 环境地球化学国家重点实验室
