科研之友
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摘要
Kaolin is an important strategic industrial mineral that is abundantly and fully ranged in categories and widely distributed in China. Previous researchers have made great efforts to investigate the cause of formation of the kaolin deposit and to conduct geological survey and exploration for development and utilization of kaolin resources, in which huge quantities of data have been accumulated, but these data lack a systematically and accurately quantitative analysis and conclusion towards mineralization and temporal-spatial distribution regularities of kaolin deposits. On the basis of previous studies and systematic analysis of the existing kaolin deposits and geological exploration data in China, the authors selected 521 representative kaolin deposits with relatively complete data, studied the spatial distribution characteristics of China's kaolin deposits in detail by means of GIS spatial analysis, drew the distribution map of China's kaolin metallogenic belt, and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of China's kaolin deposits. The results provide a theoretical method and basis for spatial analysis and modeling of mineral resources and evaluation of kaolin resource potential. It is shown that the genetic types of the deposits in China are mainly weathering type and sedimentary type, and the most important metallogenic epochs occurred in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Jiangxi and Jiangsu, the weathering type kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in South China, and the sedimentary type kaolin deposits are mainly distributed in North China. In terms of prospecting direction, the weathering residual sub-type kaolin deposits are easy to be found in South China, and the coal-bearing sedimentary sub-type kaolin deposits should be found in North China. There exists a tendency that hydrothermal alteration kaolin deposits are gradually increasing from South China towards North China, thus the prospecting for hydrothermal alteration kaolin deposits could be transferred towards North China accordingly.
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