摘要

<正>Lithium ion batteries(LIBs) have changed our daily life since its first appearance in 1990 s. Within thirty years’ development, the energy density of LIBs has reached its limitation that can hardly satisfy the requirements of electric vehicles and portable electronics. Therefore, searching for cathode/anode materials of high capacity is of great importance to improve the energy density of LIBs so far [1–4].