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摘要
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that has been extensively used in the areas of chemistry, biomedicine, pharmacology, environment, agriculture and energy. It is based on the detection of accurate mass-to-charge ratios of molecular ions and fragment ions for the structural identification of diverse biological molecules. How to efficiently ionize and dissociate neutral molecules present in various samples and generate positive or negative ions are the key to the instrumentation of mass spectrometry and the development of enabling analytical methods. There are various ionization and dissociation techniques based on different physical chemical mechanisms that have unique advantages suitable for specific analytical goals. Most soft ionization techniques generate ions with even-numbered electrons that are very stable and need the coupling to other dissociation techniques for further molecular fragmentation. Besides those techniques based on collision activation and electron gains/losses, photo irradiation based techniques can provide wavelength/energy adjustable photons to initiate specific cleavages of chemical bonds. This work is aimed to review fundamental principles and instrumentations of infrared and ultraviolet photo-induced ionization and dissociation. The application to the analysis of different biological molecules including small organic molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates are also addressed.
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