科研之友
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摘要
Cordyceps militaris is an important edible and medicinal fungus, and the stroma can be artificially cultivated on a large scale. However, the cultivated strains are easily degenerate, hindering industrialized cultivation. Germplasms for cultivation mainly depend on investigation and collection of wild resources. In this study, the resources of C. militaris in partial areas of Northeast China and Shandong Province were investigated, and the ecological distribution and morphology of the fungus were systematically surveyed. A total of 414 wild C. militaris specimens was collected from five locations. Most of the hosts were pupae of Lepidoptera, and a few of them were larvae and cocoons. The wild C. militaris stromata are solitary or 2–25-clustered, 1–17 cm long, rod-, flat-shaped, or irregularly deformed, branched and come out from various parts of the host, mainly from the head. The ground part of stroma is 1–6 cm long and shows deep orange-yellow. The fertile part of stroma is 0.5–4 cm long, 1.2–6 mm wide, and most stromata have a sharp boundary between the fertile and sterile parts. The underground part is 0.5–11 cm, and the length is correlated with the thickness of humus. The rhizomorph was clearly observed for the first time in some fruiting bodies of C. militaris, which connected with the pupa and the stroma, or grown from the pupa and stroma alone. The rhizomorph was morphologically different from the mycelia of prosenchyma and the middle of hyphae of the rhizomorph is enlarged. The macroscopic morphological differences between artificially cultivated and wild stromata were obvious, but no difference was found in the morphology of asci and ascospores. Enormous wild C. militaris germplasm resources have been observed in this survey, being helpful for the development of C. militaris industry in China.
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单位真菌学国家重点实验室; 中国科学院大学
