摘要

目的了解福州市0~6岁婴幼儿膳食营养结构及健康状况,为开展健康干预提供基础数据。方法于2018年随机抽取福州市2个城区各1家妇幼保健院和幼儿园共0~6岁450户469名婴幼儿,采用3×24膳食回顾法及称重法。结果 0~5月龄和6~11月龄婴儿纯母乳喂养率分别为44.0%和12.5%,纯辅食喂养率分别为33.0%和63.6%。1~3岁幼儿蔬菜、水果、奶类、烹调油的摄入量明显低于推荐摄入量而动物性食物(鱼虾类、禽畜肉类和蛋类)高于推荐摄入量(t=-43.254,-14.079,-5.387,-8.899, 2.207,均P<0.05);3~6岁幼儿蛋类、蔬菜类、奶类、豆类摄入量低于推荐量而禽畜肉类高于推荐摄入量(t=-13.561,-16.243,-2.250,-2.718, 2.069,均P<0.05)。1岁幼儿能量摄入量明显低于推荐量而4岁幼儿能量摄入量明显高于推荐量(t=-2.839,3.972,均P<0.05);2~4岁幼儿蛋白质的摄入量高于推荐摄入量(t=2.960,3.026,2.354,均P<0.05);0~6岁婴幼儿维生素A、钠、钙、铁的摄入量低于推荐量而硫胺素与烟酸的摄入量均高于推荐摄入量(tVA=-22.355,-24.302,-30.614,-21.608,-29.904,-55.081,-60.645;tNa=-5.686,-15.881,-12.725,-12.700,-21.573,-24.534,-31.225; tCa=-5.013,-3.649,-4.591,-6.076,-9.185,-15.269,-17.145;tFe=-4.359,-11.888,-12.879,-16.977,-21.794,-11.209,-49.691;tVB1=5.449,4.359,5.449,4.359,13.077,6.974,7.265;tVPP=-49.691,3.419, 4.694,4.582,9.989, 8.222,7.492,均P<0.05),1~6岁幼儿维生素C与7月~6岁幼儿锌的摄入量均低于推荐量(tVC=0.073,-7.516,-8.190,-4.150,-2.250,-10.527;tZn=-5.489,-3.185,-3.713,-4.117,-4.359,-8.233,均P<0.05),0~1岁及5岁婴幼儿维生素E的摄入量均高于推荐量(tVE=2.906,6.476,4.656,2.179,均P<0.05)。结论福州市婴幼儿膳食基本符合《中国居民膳食指南》要求,但结构稍不合理,表现在蔬菜、水果、豆类、奶类摄入量不足,禽畜肉摄入过多。