摘要

<正>The human gut is a complex ecosystem, inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, as well as viruses, collectively known as the gut microbiota. These microorganisms interact with each other and also with the host,performing multifaceted functions that support the host’s vital life activities [1]. The gut microbiota exerts significant influence on numerous physiological processes in the host, including metabolism, immunomodulation, and regulation of nervous system [2,3].