科研之友
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摘要
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) and warming may affect the crop photosynthesis, and consequently alter the translocation of photosynthetic carbon to soil. Under climate change, the change of photosynthetic carbon retained in soil may shape the structure of microbial community involved in photosynthetic carbon transformation. As a major driver of soil carbon cycle, soil microorganism plays an important role in the transformation of soil organic matter. The changes of microbial community structure and function under climate change are likely to affect the turnover of soil organic matter, resulting in an increase or decrease in the concentration of atmosphere CO2 as a feedback to climate change. Soil carbon balance depends on the input and output of carbon in the soil and its retention in the soil. However, it is unclear that how climate change may affect the stability of the soil carbon pool. Therefore, the change of the soil carbon pool corresponding with soil microbial community structure is the core mechanism of terrestrial ecosystem in response to climate change, which is important to the management of soil organic carbon and the maintenance of soil productivity on farmland in the future. This paper reviewed the responses of soil carbon pool and soil microbial community structure to global climate change (eCO2 and warming). The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Elevated CO2 and warming exhibited the tradeoff effect on soil carbon pools, but whether soil carbon pool became carbon source depended on the extent of warming; (2) Elevated CO2 increased the accumulation of photosynthetic carbon in plant parts of corn and wheat. Warming also posed an impact on the accumulation of photosynthetic carbon, but the impact varied among different parts with negative or no effect; (3) Warming and eCO2 showed a cumulative effect on soil microbial activity and community diversity, but different microbial kingdoms (bacteria, fungi and archaea) had different roles to affect carbon turnover. Finally, it was proposed that the future research directions included: (1) in-depth study on the impact of climate change on the turnover of root exudates considering the plant-soil interaction and its influence on microbial properties; (2) DNA-SIP being applied to explore the relationship between different plant-carbon sources utilized by soil microorganisms and carbon cycling under eCO2 and warming. Thus, these proposed studies might clarify substrate-utilizing strategies by microbes and the response of microbial community to climate change.
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