NIR-Ⅱ Fluorophores:From Synthesis to Biological Applications

作者：You-Yang Duo; Liang Zhao; Zhi-Gang Wang; Shu-Lin Liu

来源：Journal of Analysis and Testing, 2023, 7(03): 245-259.

Fluorescence imaging is a useful tool in the field of biomedical applications.However,its imaging capacity is limited by the depth of tissue that can be penetrated when using visible light(400-700 nm) or the first near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅰ,700-900 nm).To overcome the problem,fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)has been developed to reduce photon scattering,auto-absorption and tissue autofluorescence to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution and deep imaging penetration.The key to NIR-Ⅱ imaging is obtaining and analyzing highly selective information from functional fluorophores that emit in the 1000-1700 nm range.With the rapid development of multidisciplinary research,various types of NIR-Ⅱ fluorophores have been produced and used in non-invasive,real-time NIR-Ⅱ biomedical applications.This review summarizes some of the most prevalent NIR-Ⅱ fluorophores and their synthesis,such as organic fluorophores(OFs),single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs),quantum dots(QDs),and rare-earth nanoparticles(RENPs).On this basis,we describe the applications of these fluorophores in biomedical fields,including bioimaging,biosensing,phototherapy and surgical navigation.Additionally,major challenges and prospects of NIR-Ⅱ biomedical application will be further explored.

• 单位
  药物化学生物学国家重点实验室; 南开大学