科研之友
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摘要
This article presents a summary of the role played by the monastic and cathedral schools in the transmission of knowledge during the Middle Ages. Using the periods established by the Medieval historiography as reference, the following factors are considered in the shaping of the school curriculum: libraries, manuscripts production and the activity of the schoolmasters. What is more, these factors let us identify the centres of the cultural geography of Medieval Western Europe up to the birth of the universities at the beginning of the Thirteenth century. The monastic and cathedral schools provided a syllabus that combined knowledge and ethics (littera et mores) through the study of grammar and rhetoric (cultivation of classical virtues). The majority of literate people were educated in these institutions during the medieval centuries, especially clerks and monks, versatile men who served both to the Church and the royal and lordship courts with equal skill. In this way, the ecclesiastical schools symbolized the close alliance between learning and power that was consolidated during the Late Middle Ages. En este art赤culo se presenta una s赤ntesis de papel jugado por las escuelas mon芍sticas y catedralicias en la transmisi車n del conocimiento en la Edad Media. Siguiendo los per赤odos cronol車gicos establecidos por la historiograf赤a medieval, las bibliotecas, la producci車n de manuscritos y la actividad de los maestros son considerados factores de primer orden en la configuraci車n del curriculum escolar. Adem芍s, permiten perfilar los centros de la geograf赤a cultural del Occidente medieval hasta el surgimiento de las universidades a comienzos del siglo XIII. Las escuelas mon芍sticas y catedralicias ofrecieron un programa que conjugaba el saber con la 谷tica (littera et mores), a trav谷s del estudio de la gram芍tica y la ret車rica (cultus virtutum). Estas instituciones formaron a la mayor赤a de los alfabetizados (litterati) durante los siglos medievales, especialmente a los cl谷rigos y monjes, hombres vers芍tiles que sirvieron con igual destreza en la Iglesia que en las cortes reales y se oriales. Por tanto, las escuelas eclesi芍sticas simbolizaron la estrecha alianza entre poder y saber que se consolid車 durante la Baja Edad Media.
