A trait‐based framework for assessing the vulnerability of marine species to human impacts

作者：Butt Nathalie; Halpern Benjamin S.; O'Hara Casey C.; Allcock A. Louise; Polidoro Beth; Sherman Samantha; Byrne Maria; Birkeland Charles; Dwyer Ross G.; Frazier Melanie; Woodworth Bradley K.; Arango Claudia P.; Kingsford Michael J.; Udyawer Vinay; Hutchings Pat; Scanes Elliot; McClaren Emily Jane; Maxwell Sara M.; DiazPulido Guillermo; Dugan Emma; Simmons Blake Alexander; Wenger Amelia S.; Linardich Christi; Klein Carissa J.

来源：Ecosphere, 2022, 13(2).

DOI：10.1002/ECS2.3919

• anthropogenic stressors
• anthropogenic threats
• climate change
• conservation decision‐making
• fishing
• marine conservation planning
• ocean
• pollution
• trait‐based vulnerability

Marine species and ecosystems are widely affected by anthropogenic stressors, ranging from pollution and fishing to climate change. Comprehensive assessments of how species and ecosystems are impacted by anthropogenic stressors are critical for guiding conservation and management investments. Previous global risk or vulnerability assessments have focused on marine habitats, or on limited taxa or specific regions. However, information about the susceptibility of marine species across a range of taxa to different stressors everywhere is required to predict how marine biodiversity will respond to human pressures. We present a novel framework that uses life‐history traits to assess species' vulnerability to a stressor, which we compare across more than 44,000 species from 12 taxonomic groups (classes). Using expert elicitation and literature review, we assessed every combination of each of 42 traits and 22 anthropogenic stressors to calculate each species' or representative species group's sensitivity and adaptiv...