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摘要
中国传统政治形态与某种特定的政治情感现象及其流变具有内在的关联性。"贾谊悲剧"正是这样一种内生于中国传统政治结构的特定的政治情感现象。首先,贾谊代表了中国传统政治结构演进中一类特定政治主体的生成,即春秋战国至秦汉帝国之间的一种新型士大夫阶层的出现,这种特定政治主体意味着现实政治世界特别是政治结构与政治伦理的深刻变化;其次,"贾谊悲剧"的四大政治要素即贾生之才、文帝之贤、知而不遇、物伤其类,说明"贾谊悲剧"不仅仅是一种具体的、偶然的、个人的悲剧,而且是一种源于中国传统政治结构的、跨越时空的集体建构的"类悲剧";再次,"贾谊悲剧"深刻体现了一种与中国传统政治在本质上相关联的政治情感之流,亦即"忠—忧—悲—怨"的情感流动,这种情感之流源于政治与情感的密切互动;最后,基于这种政治与情感的互动,中国传统政治形态中的治国之道呈现为一种"平情之治"的独特景观。在传统中国向现代中国转变过程中,这种"情治"传统依然发生着重要作用;而在国家治理现代化过程中,这种传统依然需要被正视并超越。The traditional political form of China is intrinsically relevant to a phenomenon of some specific political emotion and its evolution. The "tragedy of Jia Yi"is just a phenomenon of specific political emotion inherent in the traditional political structure of China. First of all,Jia Yi represented the emergence of a specific political subject in the evolution of traditional Chinese political structure,namely,the emergence of a new class of scholar-officials between the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and the Qin and Han Dynasties. This specific political subject indicates a profound change in the real political world,especially in the political structure and political ethics. Secondly,the four political elements of"tragedy of Jia Yi",namely the talent of Jia Sheng,the virtue of Emperor Wen,the fact that one cannot find? a? superior? appreciative? of? one’s? ability and that all beings grieve for their fellow beings,demonstrate that it is not only a specific,accidental and personal tragedy,but also a kind of "quasi-tragedy"of collective construction that originates from the traditional Chinese political structure and spans across time and space. Thirdly,the interpretation of"tragedy of Jia Yi"profoundly reflects a stream of political emotion that is essentially related to Chinese traditional politics,namely a "loyalty-concern-sorrow-resentment"emotional stream,which originates from close interaction between politics and emotion. Finally,based on the interaction between politics and emotion,the way of governing the country in the traditional Chinese political form presents a unique landscape of"fair rather than sentimental governance",which still plays an important role in the process of transformation from traditional China to modern China; and we need to face up to this tradition and transcend it in the process of modernization of national governance.
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单位上海社会科学院
