摘要

La continua b迆squeda de abordajes terap谷uticos que mejoren los tratamientos convencionales de las enfermedades neopl芍sicas junto con el mejor conocimiento del sistema inmunitario ha llevado en los 迆ltimos a os al desarrollo de la inmunoterapia. B芍sicamente se pueden distinguir dos formas de inmunoterapia: la inmunoterapia pasiva, que consiste en la transferencia de anticuerpos o c谷lulas previamente generados in vitro que se dirigen contra el tumor, y la inmunoterapia activa, que pretende activar in vivo el sistema inmunitario e inducirlo a elaborar una respuesta espec赤fica contra los ant赤genos tumorales. Las neoplasias hematol車gicas, concretamente algunos linfomas B, expresan en su membrana una inmunoglobulina que se considera un verdadero ant赤geno espec赤fico de tumor; por eso estas enfermedades se han convertido en la diana ideal de los tratamientos de inmunoterapia. Las alternativas son muchas, desde las vacunas proteicas que ya han demostrado beneficios cl赤nicos, hasta las de segunda generaci車n, que aprovechan las nuevas t谷cnicas de biolog赤a molecular para aumentar la eficacia de las vacunas y conseguir su producci車n de forma m芍s r芍pida y menos costosa, pero con las que todav赤a no hay resultados cl赤nicos definitivos. The continuous search for therapeutic approaches that improve the conventional treatments of neoplasms, together with an improved understanding of the immune system, has led in recent years to the development of Immunotherapy. Basically, a distinction can be made between two forms of immunotherapy: passive immunotherapy, which consists in the transfer of antibodies or cells previously generated in vitro that are directed against the tumour, and active immunotherapy, which attempts to activate in vivo the immune system and induce it to elaborate a specific response against the tumor antibodies. Hematological neoplasms, specifically some B lymphomas, express in their membrane an immunoglobulin that is considered a specific antigen of the tumour, which is why these diseases have become the ideal target for immunotherapy treatments. There are many alternatives, ranging from protein vaccines, which have already shown clinical benefits, to those of the second generation, which make use of the new techniques of molecular biology to increase the efficacy of the vaccines and obtain their production in a quicker and less costly way, but with which there are not yet definitive clinical results.

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