科研之友
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摘要
Subduction zone, known as the subduction factory, is the most remarkable characteristics of plate tectonics and is the largest material circulation system on the earth. Subduction behaves as an important engine for driving and maintaining plate movement. A typical subduction zone comprises trench, accretionary wedge, forearc basin, magmatic arc, back-arc basin (or retroarc foreland basin). In some special circumstances, such as ridge subduction, subduction of young oceanic slab and seamount subduction, some special structure such as flat-slab subduction and subduction erosion may occur, resulting in the absence of arc magmatism, accretionary complex or forearc basin. Subducted slab may get through the mantle transition zone into the lower mantle and even reach the core-mantle boundary, and bring the crustal rocks into the deep earth, which ascend to earth’s surface in the form of mantle plume. Subduction zone is characterized by active deformation including strike-slip, compression, and extension and structural overprinting. Magmatic arc and accretionary complex may migrate oceanward or landward along with the trench, leading to cyclic compression and extension of the upper plate and the formation of complex paleogeographic patterns. The accretion of microcontinent, arc, seamount and oceanic plateau can chock the subduction zone and lead to subduction zone transference or subduction polarity reversal with the formation of new subduction zone outboard. The detailed deep structure of subduction zone, subduction initiation mechanism, and the interplay between subduction and mantle plume are the research fronts of subduction zone. Conducting geophysical deep exploration of subduction zones, comparative studies of suture zones and active subduction zones, and numerical simulation of subduction zone geodynamics are important ways to solve the above scientific problems.
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单位中国科学院大学; 岩石圈演化国家重点实验室
