科研之友
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摘要
Sound is a fundamental attribute of nature. Using the soundscape technology to monitor bird diversity and richness can effectively overcome the deficiency of traditional methods. The sound data of wetland birds at ()():()(), 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 of each day during April to June in 2020 were collected using Song Meter SM4, a professional collection instrument, in Fanglan Lake, a typical human-controlled lake in Poyang Lake. Using the professional sound processing packages (i.e. seewave, tuneR, and soundecology) in the statistical software R, all the collected sound data were analyzed and converted into bioacoustic index ( Bl). The main aims were to clar ify the corresponding bird diversity and activity habits in the early morning, morning, noon and evening of each day during these three months, and to reveal the characteristics of bird diversitv in a long-time sequence at the typical wetland of Poyang Lake. The Mann-Kendall test method was used to analyze the trend and mutation of bird diversity characteristic sequence. The Morlet wavelet analysis method was applied to analyze its multi-temporal scale characteristics. The results showed that: ( 1 ) The Bl values at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:()() within the three months were different, with ranges of 5.73-63.49, 5.76-67.00, 3.36-60.24, and 4.91-52.62, respectively. The Bl values generally showed an increasing trend. (2) The Mann-Kendall muta tion test indicated that all the Bl sequences for three months had a sudden change around 06:00 on April 27 in 2020, which was mainly caused by human activities. (3) The evolution of daily average Bl values showed three types of periodic change scales of 12-30, 10-18, and 4-9 clays. The wavelet variance had three significant peaks, corresponding to the time scales of 24, 15, and 7 days. As an exploratory research, this study could provide a new technical approach for the research on bird population, behavior characteristic and its diversity, as well as the diversity monitoring research for other animals (amphibians, insects, etc.).
