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摘要
This study examined the effects of L-carnitine (LC) supplementation in corn gluten meal (CGM) diets for juvenile hybrid grouper on growth, immunity, lipid metabolism, and metabolomic analysis to discover possible biomarkers and metabolites (UPLC-MS) with the aid of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. With LC levels of 0, 200, 400, 600, 1200, 1400, and 1600 mg/kg, 630 juvenile hybrid groupers with an initial weight average of 13.7 & PLUSMN; 0 0.09 g were randomly divided into seven groups. These groups were named control group LC0 (FM diets without LC), LC0.2, LC0.4, LC0.6, LC1.2, LC1.4, and LC1.6 respectively. Fish fed LC0.2 diets had higher final weight, weight gain (WG), and condition factor (CF) than the control group after a feeding trial for 56 days. However, they were not substantially different from the control group. Fish fed LC0.2 had the highest values of 368.09% and 1.69 g/cm(3) for WG, and CF, respectively. With rising dietary LC levels, antioxidant parameters such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver substantially increased and then decreased (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), however, were unaffected (P < 0.05). Fish fed the LC0.2 diet had significantly greater ppar & alpha; mRNA expression compared to fish fed the basal diet (LC0) in terms of gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Bile secretion, ABC transporters, and glycerophospholipid have been identified as the differential metabolites in the distal gut of fish, with an upregulation occurring after feeding with experimental diets. Based on the findings of the current study, we propose that LC level of 200 mg/kg in CGM diets increases fish growth and immunity and regulates hepatic metabolism.
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