科研之友
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摘要
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of tillage systems and previous crops on yield, grain quality and weed infestation of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivar 'Duroflavus'. The first experimental factor (main plots) was tillage system: 1) conventional tillage (CT) - shallow ploughing and harrowing after the harvest of previous crop; 2) reduced tillage (RT) - only a cultivator after the harvest of previous crop; and 3) herbicide tillage (HT) - only Roundup 360 SL herbicide after the harvest of previous crop. The secondary experimental factor was the previous crop of durum wheat: 1) oats (Avena saliva L.); 2) durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.); and 3) pea (Pisum sativum L.). Higher grain yields of wheat were determined in the CT than in the RT and HT systems, both after pea and after oats or wheat. The analysis of variance components indicated that the grain yield was influenced to a greater extent by previous crops than by tillage systems. Grain of high quality (higher contents of protein and gluten, and higher density) originated from CT plots, compared to RT and HT plots. In terms of durum wheat grain quality, the best previous crop turned out to be pea. The CT system increased manganese (Mn) content of grain compared to RT and HT crops and copper (Cu) content compared to HT crop. Grain originating from RT crops contained more potassium and zinc than the grain from CT and HT crops, whereas grain harvested from HT was characterized by higher contents of phosphorus and calcium than the grain from CT and RT crops. On plots cultivated with the RT and HT systems, 3-fold higher weed infestation was observed than in the CT plot. Similar observations were made for weed biomass. The analysis of variance components demonstrated that weed infestation of durum wheat was affected to a greater extent by tillage systems than by previous crops.
