科研之友
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摘要
Based on the different types of data used in methods for source identification of heavy metals in soils, the source emission inventory method and various receptor models were summarized, and literature survey indicated that traditional multivariate statistical methods are widely used for source identification and that the results obtained from different methods are mostly comparable. The results indicated that Cd is the primary heavy metal contaminant in soil, whereas Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg contamination also occurred. In general, the main anthropogenic pollution sources of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils are agricultural activities such as fertilization, whereas industrial activities contribute a large proportion in certain areas; Hg mainly comes from industrial activities via atmospheric deposition for instance, whereas pesticides rich in Hg are an important source in some areas. The sources of Pb are more diverse and complicated. As, Cr, and Ni are mainly controlled by soil parent materials. In general, the emission inventory method can be applied in studies at different scales, and thus collection of source emission data and heavy metal leaching data in soils should be strengthened to calculate the dynamic changes in heavy metal concentrations in soils. Advanced statistical methods for source identification of heavy metals in soils should be further studied to explore their prospects in future applications. Combination of multiple methods and a strengthened quantitative study for source identification of heavy metals in soils will be conducted in future work. In addition, atmospheric deposition has been identified as an important source for many heavy metals; thus, identification of the initial sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition at different regions will facilitate control of heavy metal pollution in soil at its origin.
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