科研之友
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摘要
during the period pre-columbian in northern chile inhabited various groups, with notorious ethno-cultural differences. one of its characteristics was the artificial craneal deformation using bandages or boards from the first years of age, existing two big models of deformation: tabular that produces brachicephally and annular or circular that determinates dolicocephally. the investigation is to determine the relationship between habitat, type of artificial deformation, and shape of the head determined by the cranial index. we analyzed 77 atacameˋos skulls of both sexes, selected at random between 293 individuals of the coyo-orient cementery, dated between 300-1200 a.c. post-tiwanaku period. these remains are part of r.p. gustavo le paige`s museum in san pedro de atacama, wich is part of the institute of archaeological investigations of the north catholic university. in addition, we analyzed seven aymaras skulls with artificial cranial deformation belonging to the anatomical museum of the university of antofagasta. all skulls were analyzed, photographed in all anatomical norms and measured to obtain the cranial index. we comprobated that 35.1% of atacameˋos skulls were artificially deformed with prevalence of tabular deformation (92.6%). the deformed skulls presented a cranial index average of 92.63, sd 9.72 and 100% of brachicephalic cases. the seven aymaras skulls were deformed by annular or circular method, with an average of craneal index of 76.0, sd 6.66 and 42.8% of dolicocephalic cases. statistical analisis showed significant differences at 95% level of craneal index between atacameˋos with deformed skulls and aymaras, and likewise, between atacameˋos with deformed and undeformed skulls. in the northern chile, the artificial deformed skulls can embrace brachicephalic or dolicocephalic form, without predominance at territorial, epoch or cultural cause.
