科研之友
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摘要
Petroleum pollution changes the soil microecological environment and drives the succession and evolution of soil microbial community structure. To explore the distribution characteristics of microbial community in oilfield soil, and reveal the causes of the formation of regional soil microbial community structure, the microbial community diversity and structure of 18 soil samples from 6 groups in Liaohe oilfield and Daqing oilfield are analyzed by Miseq16S rDNA sequencing technique. Then combining with the index of soil environmental factors, the causes of community structure are analyzed, and the functional bacteria with the ability of petroleum metabolism are predicted. The results showed that the petroleum content decreases with the increase of the distance from the oil well, and the spatial distribution of petroleum is the key factor affecting the change of microbial community structure. The OTUs of the 6 soil sample groups belong to 49 phyla, 131 classes, 169 orders, 328 families and 564 genera. The diversity of microbial population decreases with the increase of petroleum pollution. There are 5 same dominant phyla and 2 dominant genera in the two oilfields. The unique dominant phylum in Liaohe oilfield is Saccharibacteria, and the dominant genera are Microvirga, Mycobacterium and Defluviicoccus. The unique dominant phylum in Daqing oilfield is Bacteroidetes, and the dominant genera are Halomonas, Alcanivora, Marinobacter, etc. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the composition of oil was the decisive factor for the differential distribution of microbial community. The high content and strong toxicity of colloid induce the microbial community in Liaohe oilfield to acquire strong stress resistance. At the same time, the background difference of regional ecological environment is also an important factor affecting the overall stress resistance of microbial community. Combining with the PICRUSt analysis, predict 2 dominant genera of petroleum degradation in Liaohe oilfield and 5 in Daqing oilfield. It provids a target reference for the efficient development of petroleum degradation functional germplasm resources.
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