摘要
<正>The world’s fastest publicly acknowledged supercomputer,known as Frontier, sprawls across 372 m2 of floor space in a building at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, USA(Fig. 1)[1]. In May of 2022, the 269 000 kg behemoth became the first computer to cross the so-called exascale barrier and reach a top speed of more than one exaflop, or over one quintillion floating-point operations per second, in the semiannual TOP500rankings of supercomputer performance [2]. Maxing out at 1.1exaflops, Frontier was more than twice as fast as its nearest competitor, and it repeated the feat in November of 2022 in the next TOP500 standings [3,4].