科研之友
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摘要
Greece, in the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, is biogeographically and culturally a transition zone between the ※east§ and the ※west§. Some of the older farming styles in it were considered as typical examples of an ※oriental production style§. In the Greek state, these farming styles were considered as ※outdated§ and ※backward§ and the radical transformation of farming and the rural landscape was sought through intensification of agriculture and modernization of the rural society, a target accomplished by the 1970s and strengthened after the accession in the EU. Only recently, some of the features of older farming systems were reevaluated, in the light of negative environmental impacts of some modern farming styles. In this paper, the rural landscapes of Greece today are presented with a mention of the farming styles that have formed them, both ※traditional§ and ※modern§. Some of the most important changes are discussed in an environmental management light via some examples: grazing management and forestry in the mountains; mixed and olive cultivation on the islands and southern Greece; and arable farming in the plains. The paper focuses on the visual and the environmental impacts of farming styles changes and briefly discusses possible future trends. The impacts are evaluated by empirical work, especially for the mixed farming and olive cultivation landscape and by the literature. The findings indicate that ※traditional§ farming styles did indeed have positive environmental impacts compared to ※modern§ ones and today some of their features could be used for sustainable rural landscape management. Grecia, en el extremo sur de la provincia de los Balcanes, es cultural y biogeogr芍ficamente una zona de transici車n entre el ※este§ y el ※oeste§. Algunos de los estilos tradicionales agrarios est芍n considerados ejemplos t赤picos de un ※estilo de producci車n oriental§. En el Estado de Grecia, estos estilos de producci車n agraria est芍n considerados como ※caducados§ y ※fuera de sitio§ en el contexto de la transformaci車n radical de la producci車n agraria y del paisaje rural fruto de la intensificaci車n de la agricultura y la modernizaci車n de la sociedad rural, unos procesos que se establecen hacia 1970 y se aceleran despu谷s del acceso a la UE. S車lo recientemente, algunas de las caracter赤sticas de los antiguos sistemas agrarios son reevaluadas, a la luz de los negativos impactos ambientales de algunos modernos estilos agrarios. En este art赤culo, el paisaje rural de Grecia todav赤a se presenta en relaci車n a los estilos agrarios que lo han formado, tanto ※tradiciona
