科研之友
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摘要
Since the beginning of the 21st century, partly due to the public awareness of global warming, the research and development of new energy has been rapidly advanced. As a critical metal, lithium is widely used in electronic products and new energy vehicles, and plays an important role. Lithium is a moderately incompatible element, which is enriched in the continental crust. It is a fluid mobile element, and thus it may be highly enriched during hydrothermal activities especially at the late stage of magmatic evolution, forming pegmatite type lithium deposit. During plate subduction, the decomposition of phengite may induce partial melting and form lithium-rich magmatic rocks favorable for the formation of pegmatite type lithium deposit. Lithium is also mobile during weathering, forming large brine type lithium deposits in closed basins. In the hinterland of a collisional belt, magmatic rocks are usually rich in lithium. Meanwhile, arid climate zones are formed due to the barrier of orogenic belt. Basins in these arid areas can store the weathering products from magmatic rocks, promoting the formation of brine type lithium deposits. Therefore, plate subduction is the key factor to the formation of lithium deposits. There are a large number of Mesozoic highly differentiated lithium-fluorine enriched granites in South China, which have high Li contents (9×10-6 to 5200×10-6) and high Li/MgO ratios (13×10-4 to 130000×10-4). Therefore, the Mesozoic basins in South China may be important target areas for exploration of large brine lithium deposits. It is worth pointing out that, as a new tracer, lithium isotopes have been preliminarily applied in exploration of pegmatite lithium deposits and showed some prospecting potential.
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